>> historians say slaves worked well hour days, six days a week. the federal government granted the slaves from local slave owners at a rate of $5 per person per month. this is about 35 minutes. >> good afternoon. >> good afternoon. >> happily, we are gathered here today to recognize the enslaved african americans and their country -- and their contribution to the building of the united states capitol. please stand for the invocation from the house chaplain. >> let us pray. beneath the whistling of salts -- beneath the whistling of saws, voices were heard singing

spirituals as they work on this capital. as black laborers yards for freedom, psalms echoed against these marble halls today. to you do a lift up my eyes. to you who dwell in the heavens, my eyes like the eyes of slaves, fixed on the hands of their masters. the eyes of a servant and the slightest gesture of a mistress, so our eyes or one u zero lord our god unto you show mercy. have mercy on us allured -- oh lord. we are full of content overflowing on our souls because of the scorn of the wealthy and

the arrogant disdain of the prowl. -- distain of the prowl the. -- distain of the proud. amen. >> please be seated. ladies and gentlemen, the united states representative from georgia, the hon. john n. lewis. [applause] thank you, madam speaker. first of all, i would like to thank you the house leadership for their support of the slave

labor task force. they made this day possible. i would also like to take the opportunity to recognize the members of the slave labor task force who are here today, especially a former congressperson. together, we introduced the original legislation creating the slave labor task force in 2000. i would like to take a moment and ask the members of the task force to please stand. all of the members that are here, please stand. [applause] s chairman, i would like to thank each and every member for their hard work and dedication. you never gave up.

you never gave in. we would not be where we are today without the leadership of my friend, my partner, and the vice chair of the task force senator lincoln. thank you. [applause] additionally, i would also acknowledge the work of the clerk of the house and their staff for their dedication to make the state a reality. i must recognize a young man on my own staff, jeffrey newman. jeffrey, where are you? stand up. you work so hard. we appreciate it. [applause] today, we share life on a long

hidden truth. enslaved african americans were used as laborers in the construction of this capitol building. the mandate of the slave labor task force is to study and recognize the contributions of the enslaved african american's in building the united states capitol. the architects of the capital 2005 report, "history of slave labor in the construction of the u.s. capitol," officially documents the work of slaves in the capital construction. with these plaques and a historic marker will be placed in the capital visitor center. we recognize the blood, sweat, and toil of enslaved african americans who helped to

construct this embodiment of our democracy. imagine constructing this nation's capitol building with your own two hands. imagine in washington oppress it heat and humidity. they pulled massive stones out of a slick and mosquito invested quarry. imagine having to fight through the bone-chilling winter without shoes. just imagine. the united states government, our government, is your owner. $5 a month for your labor -- for your labor.

this capital, the most recognizable symbol of our democracy, was not built overnight and was not built by machine. it was built through the back- breaking work of slave laborers. this building from which we project the ideas of freedom, democracy, and in my own mind, the beloved community stands grounded on a foundation laid by slaves. slavery is a part of our nation's history of which we are not proud. however, we should not run away or hide from it. the history of the the history of our nation should be complete as thousands of visitors wall to our nation's capital, they leave without knowing the true history of its construction.

today, that changes. today through these plaques, we move one step closer to realizing the dream of and all inclusive and more perfect union. today through these plaques, we tell the full history of our nation and its capitol building. today through these plaques, we now remind all visitors of the work of enslaved african- americans in building this temple of freedom. again, madam speaker and leaders of the congress, i would like to thank everyone year for their support of the slave labor task force. thank you very much. [applause]

ladies and gentlemen, the united states senator from arkansas, the hon. blanche lincoln. [applause] i too want to thank the speaker of the house and the republican leader of the house. i want to thank them for being here today enjoining all of us in this very incredible opportunity to pay respect and to really elevate this monumental task that is a part of our great history in this country. i just want to say a very special thank you to my friend congressman john lewis for those remarks, for his passion, for his steadfast determination in his lifetime to do so many good things on behalf of so many people.

most of all, his leadershhp here with the slave labor task force. i had the privilege of working with them and serving with congressman louis when i served in the house, but had been so pleased and honored to work with them on this initiative. certainly might former colleague also worked hard on this. i want to extend my sincere thanks to be sykes family for being here today. i want to remember mr. curtis sites to is no longer with us. he was a original member of the slave labor task force and a native of little rock, arkansas. he was part of the arkansas black history advisory committee. i appreciate his lifetime of contribution to our state of arkansas. i would also like to thank citizen davison, a citizen of little rock, as well, do you mr.

-- who knew mr. sykes. a very special welcome to our distinguished guest for taking time out of their busy schedule to join us here in washington for this momentous occasion. today is such a very special day. after almost 10 years of hard work and dedication, we celebrate the contribution made by enslaved african-americans in the construction of the u.s. capitol. when the capital was first being built in the late 1700's and early 1800's, enslaved americans worked in all facets of this construction. for nearly 200 years, the stories of the slave laborers were mostly unknown to the visitors at the capitol. we forgot to say thank you to these incredible, skilled, talented craftsman and workers.

in 1999, old pay stubs were discovered that showed slaves were involved in the construction of the capital. to recognize these contributions, i sponsored a resolution in july 2000, to establish a task force to make recommendations to honor the slave laborers who worked on the capital. this task force presented congressional leadership with our recommendation. today, the events of this unveiling of these plaques represents the fulfillment of one of our recommendations. as we gather here today, i am reminded of the story of philip reed and the statue of freedom. as each one of us comes to work every day, we look at the top of the capital and see a statute, the statue of freedom. the statue was cast in plaster molds in rome, italy. it was shipped to the united states to be cast.

once it arrived in washington, d.c., problems soon arose. a workman who assembled the plaster model soon got into a pay dispute. when it came time to disassemble it and moved it, the nl in the maryland where it would be cast into bronze, he refused to reveal how to take it apart. work on the statue became stalled until a man by the name of philip reed solved the mystery. mr. reed was enslaved african american. he worked for the owner of the foundry and was selected to cast the bronze statue. he figured out how to disassemble the plaster model by attaching an iron look to the statue's head and gently to lifting the top section until a hairline crack appeared. the crack indicated with the joint was located and he then repeated the operation until the five different sections of the

statue were discovered. we know about the lip read today because the son of the foondry owner shared the story in 1869. he described at philip read it as a highly esteemed worker. we stand here today not only because of philip reed, but for other enslaved african-americans like them who worked tirelessly to sacrifice in the face of triumph. these plaques, in their own right, will serve as a symbol of their sacrifice and will be seen by visitors who entered the building for evermore. in closing, i would like to personally thank the members of the slave labor task force. senator chambliss was an original cosponsor of the

legislation. this incredible sacrifice and contribution to the construction of this majestic building have gone unrecognized for far too long. i am grateful for the opportunity to be a part of this initiative and to thank everyone who joined us today for this very meaningful and long overdue event. as i think that to what might have been on the minds of those enslaved african-americans, i can only think, just as the father mentioned in his prayer, to do justice, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with our god. that was certainly on the minds of the enslaved african- americans as they did their jobs with a great sense of pride of what they produced. thank you all for joining us. [applause]

ladies and gentlemen, republican leader of the united states house and -- united states house of representatives, john boehner [applause] . madam speaker, calis, honored guests, we welcome all of you to the capitol today. we take time from our busy schedules to honor a group of people who were almost forgotten to history. i want to commend the work that the slave labor task force as others have done and blanche lincoln and mr. watts. thank you to all of you served on that task force. the capitol building that we also love began its life in september of 1793. it is now the preeminent symbol of freedom and liberty throughout the world. the work of the task force

reminds every american of the contributions that african- american slaves made in the construction of this sacred building prior to the end of slavery in washington, d.c. when the british came to burn the capital, it only had a house and senate wing. but sections were gutted and all that remained were the outer walls. all of the rebuilding work was done by enslaved african- americans in the d.c. area. they transported the stones into the capital. they cast the bricks. they cleared the land. they rebuilt the two wings and eventually helped to construct what we know now as the greatest threat -- the greatest symbol of the world and that is our capitol dome. the plaques that we are dedicating today simply say, "we

will not forget." american slaves not only helped to build the capital, they help to build a nation. our nation owes them a debt of gratitude. thank you. [applause] ladies gentlemen, republican leader of the united states senate, the hon. mitch mcconnell. [applause] speaker policy, leader -- speaker pelosi, senator banner, france, we are here to tell the rest of the story, to acknowledge the profound agency that the slaves who cleared this land and laid the stones must have suffered to build this monument of freedom. we remind ourselves that nearly

a century after the declaration of independence was signed, an entire race of people in our country was denied the god-given right that jefferson wrote in that immortal document. finally, because in remembering the slaves and that labor here -- remembering the slaves that labor here, we give them the debt of gratitude. the slave labor task force was chaired by senator john lit -- john lewis and blanche lincoln. without it, we would not have these plaques and we would not know some of the stories that have come down to less from part of the research. senator lincoln has already told you the story of phhlip reed, but it is so interesting that it bears repeating. as you just learned, he played an unlikely role in finishing the construction of the capital

as it appears today. originally from south carolina, he worked in a foundry owned by thomas crawford, the man who designed the statue of andrew jackson that we are all familiar with in lafayette park. it was later commission to cast the statue of freedom that sits atop the capitol dome. as senator lincoln pointed out, the plaster model for the statue of freedom was supposed to be displayed in the old house chamber until the time came for it to be disassembled. cast into a statue and put up over the dome. but, there was a problem -- a big problem. the italian sculptor, as blanche pointed out, was the only person around who knew how to take it

apart. well, philip reed was apparently the sharpest died in the capital at the time because he was the only one who could figure out how to take the thing apart without the sculptor's help. because of him, this great symbol of freedom now sits atop the capitol dome. he was the only guy smart enough to figure out how to take it apart. historians point out in its report on the slave labor of the castle -- a slave labor of the capital, reed underscores the irony of the construction of this capital. this was a terrible injustice. that is part of the story. we must continue to tell it.

as congressman lewis said, the history of the capitol like the history of our nation should be complete. we are grateful to the slave labor task force for their work, they're helping us remember and memorialized this painful part of our history, and they're hoping that future generations continue to tell the whole story. thank you. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, majority leader of the united states senate, the hon. harry reid. [applause] >> as we have heard, the statue

was lowered into place by -- the statue was lowered into place on the capitol dome. we all know his last name was reed. [laughter] but you know, there are lots of different ways to spell read. his was spelled r.e.i.d. the title of the capital's feature belies its own history and harley describes the building of which it resides. each of the speaking today recognizes what a privilege it is to call this place our workplace. countless local slaves labor here long before we could enjoy

that honor. their tests were backbreaking. law condemned to a sentence of disgraceful and justice, they somehow found the strength to fashion the most grateful design. i threw this -- drew blistering summers and biking winners, descartes and carried the stones. there has built a temple to liberty, that many of them would never know that liberty firsthand. they toiled with nothing more but the hope and the faith of the rights of -- of the rights to be freed. in this place, where so much american history is written, it is our duty to make sure that none of them or erased from our

national memory. that is what we are doing here today. we share their story and place this plaque, not only for those who worked for generations ago, but those who will work and visit here for generations to come. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, the speaker of the united states house of representatives, the hon. nancy pelosi. >> hello, again. welcome to all of you to the capital for this very special occasion. imagine having this program plaque unveiling ceremony in recognition of the contributions of enslaved african americans to the construction of the united states capitol. because of john lewis and senator blanche lincoln, you

have given us this privilege to unveil these plaques to correct this injustice. i am glad we are doing so. my colleague from the house, john boehner and mitch mcconnell, i want to acknowledge the presence of the members of the congressional caucus and the ssc members of the caucus. the black caucus and john lewis had been called the conscience of the congress and, today, the challenge to the congress that this injustice has presented is at least partially corrected by getting the recognition that we do. it has been an honor to worked

on this endeavor. i would also like to recognize two other leaders from the african-american community. loraine miller, the clerk of the house, -- [applause] and kerry ralph, the ceo of the visitor center. where is loraine? she is still working making sure everything is going ok. over the past decade, the slave labor task force were to document the history of slave laborers who constructed the walls of the united states capitol. we all know that by now. it was a dark chapter in our past.

rights were refused. a dream was not yet realized. these masons, carpenters, painters, and others gave us this house of liberty and hope for our nation. up until now, their story had not been recorded. the tale will be written for ever into these walls and spoken from this marble chamber. today, it is enshrined in these plaques which state, "this exterior wall was constructed between 1793 and 1800 of sandstone quarried by african- americans who were an important part of the labor force who built the united states capitol ." they can treasure and value it

as a visit this capital of the united states. never again will there contribution go unrecognized. they are a symbol to all who come here. we what no american that dealt of america's story. we recognize the people that not only destructive -- not only constructed the building, but added to our country's heritage. who continue to honor the diversity of our nation in the months ahead. i always love to tell the story that when lincoln made his second inaugural address which is sometimes called --

that was the first time that african americans ever intent -- ever attended a presidential inauguration. it was a very changed situation by the great immense a pater -- by d grayemancipa -- by the great emancipator. with this plan, we embrace and celebrate the history. i would like our colleagues to join us in the unveiling of the plaque. after that, reverend black will deliver the benediction. after the indication, i invite you all to participate in the

celebration. thank you all for coming. as i look around the rim, i want to run up to each of you and ask you to sign my program. you are all very special guests. we are honored by your presence. now, we will unveiled the plaque -- week will unveil the plaque. [applause] >> there are many honors to are afforded leaders in the congress. today is a very special day for all of us.

we are standing here with john lewis. come up here. come on. come up here. [applause] are there other members of the task force here? come on, barbara.

the secretary of labor is here with us today. [inaudible] now we are going to do something we know you all like to do, pray. reverend barry black. >> please tell your head for the benediction. lord god almighty, creator and sustainer of the universe,

accept our thanksgiving for the contributions of enslaved african-americans to the construction of the united states capitol. may our gratitude for their sacrifices motivate us to strive to see more clearly your image in all humanity. lord, inspire us to pray that you will surely make us one nation under girded by you, indivisible, with libertt and justice for all. in the seasons to come, bless and keep us. make your face shine upon us and be gracious unto us. lift the light of your

countenance upon us and give us your piece until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. we pray in your liberating name, amen. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending today's ceremony. enjoy the rest of your day. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010]

>> tomorrow on "washington journal," we will have the latest article from blake hounshell. we will have the senior director of the environment will defense fund, paul harrison. we will speak with peter decoursey about pennsylvania's budget shortfall. >> one of the best quotes i ever heard about -- he won the pulitzer prize for

his reporting on tom delay and jack abram loft. sunday, we will talk to jeff smith from the "washington post." sunday, energy commander chairman on hal the new energy and climate bill addresses the gulf of mexico oil spill and greenhouse gases. that is at 10:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. sunday, your questions for syndicated radio talk-show host bill bennett: "but tb." -- "book tv." three hours with bill bennett on sunday.

that is on c-span to. >> stewart udall, the secretary of the interior under presidents kennedy and johnson, died in march at 90 years old. his family, including his son and nephew, organized a memorial service. from santa fe, new mexico, this portion is one hour 25 minutes. >> okay, folks. we are ready to get going here today. we are ready to get going. we are starting on time as that has requested. first of all, happy father's day. let's have all of those fathers stand up. we have a lot of fathers here.

[applause] happy father's day. dennis udall, my brother, and i will be your masters of ceremony today. you will see him on a regular basis. family and friends have gathered today to celebrate our father's life and legacy. i already have a lot of tears with many of you. let's remember, we have the celebration side. there will also be a lot of crying with the speakers, no doubt. dad did not have a funeral. he wanted a celebration of his life. i will talk about that in a little bit. we are going to begin with a native american prayer and

blessing. to do that, i am going to call on the governor of the pueblo. he has served the public in his humanity and the state of new mexico as a school board member, a county commissioner, he is a historian, and he is a well known potter. please welcome him to open it up for us with the makeshift prayer and blessing. i cannot believe he is bringing his doctor with them. thank you, joshua. good morning, ladies and gentlemen. i had eight requests from the family.

first, we would like to do the opening prayer. if you would please stand. first, she is going to do the opening prayer in our native language. >> [speaking native american language]

>> good morning, ladies and gentlemen. we gather today to honor a great man, mr. stewart udall. he was sent to the heavens above with the creator. thank you for helping be used. the we continue your legacy. again, thank you, mr. stewart udall. >> [speaking native american language]

[speaking paolo] we gather today to honor and celebrate the life and legacy of a great man, mr. stewart udall. he was a friend to all native people. he was a friend to those who

needed their voices to be heard. as one of the most significant figures to protect the national environment, he was a friend to all americans. mr. udall was a longtime advocate for mother earth and her children. he understood the earth is sacred, the waters are sacred. his lifelong dedication to protecting our nation's lands, he preserved the sacred places for our children and our children's children. mr. udall was a conservationist. at a time when we must bear witness to the devastating environmental destruction in the gulf of mexico, earthquakes, fires, and floods seem to capture headlines almost weekly, we are grateful for the gift of one man's dedication to our cultural heritage.

on behalf of my religious leaders, like tribal council, and my people, we thank you for all you did for our people and our land. thank you, ladies and gentleman. you may be seated. >> before i called gov. richards and alps to be our first speaker, -- before i called gov. richard send out to be our first speaker, i would like to speak about my father. my father contacted the paolo and ask them to build an amphitheater. he was a world renowned

architect. he agreed to do that. the thought was to bring native arts to a new level with the performing arts. my mother's ceremony was here when she passed away. when my father undertook the fight for native american uranium miners, he did so at his own expense in many cases. he had to raise money. my mother worked with them to have performers to raise money. this is a very special place for us. this is specifically where dad asked that we do the celebration of his life. please, clout.

-- please, clap. [applause] at any point, you may applaud and we will break for that. you will be here for a while and will hear wonderful things today about my father and his legacy. dad was very specific about what he wanted. you all know him. [laughter] if there is any offense taken about the way we do this, it is stewart udall. he is fine with that. just to give you a little idea, he selected almost all of the speakers with a little advice from his children. he told me very specifically, " tom, i want them to speak for four minutes. you enforce it. -- you enforce it."

because of the votes, i am not going to enforce it. i am going to get the grandchildren to enforce it. specifically, they will have a sign that will tell you when you have a minute left. we, of course, want you to wrap up in a gentle slope way. we do not want to chop off. how to deal with the acknowledgements is very difficult. i am going to tell you what that's advice was. we are departing a little bit because since he passed, the department of interior building in washington has been named to the stewart udall building. [applause] that effort was spearheaded by

the congressional delegation of new mexico and the many other people on the outside that were part of that. our congressional delegation, i want to thank them. i see senator bingaman is here. martin heinrich, it was their effort. [applause] now we have all of the other elections. we have people who dad gave advice about various causes. we have aspiring officials that did not when baghdad gave the dice. any calls that he was involved in, all of you please stand up. elected officials, people that were involved with them in any

way, please stand up. let's give them a round of applause. [applause] that is the way he told me to do it. we may vary a little bit, but that is the simplest way because he had so many ties to the community. he loves people. he loved to mentor. they were very much a part of his life. gov. bill richardson was a very good friend of my father. dad had a very good relationship with bill. they shared many values and many causes. one of the great ones was passing legislation to the congress to protect the uranium miners. bill richardson was very involved.

when it came to claim energy -- you know my father's opinions on energy -- he drafted my dad to head up this ethics and campaign finance reform efforts in mexico. i am short dad got a piece of advice and you'll probably hear about it from the governor. one thing that really excited my father was the fact that governor richards and was running for president of the united states. -- gov. richardson was running for president of the united states. i give you a governor bill richardson. [applause] >> senator udall, you are going to be having one of the great legacy is that your father brought to this country. i think what stewart would say,

"boys, clean up that oil spill." i say that because stewart udall was a man of action. he liked to have meetings. he was a man of action. he wanted to get things done. in fact, i feel that stewart udall is here right now, his big paws on us. he had the biggest hands. did you ever notice? he loved this land. he led this country. he loved the wilderness. he helped to create the park and wilderness system. he was somebody else, though.

he wanted me mexico to be at the forefront. i remembered the advice he gave me. remember his penmanship? the words were as big as the page. he would say, "bill, expand the state parks in new mexico." and we did it. [applause] he said, "be a conservationist. that should be your legacy. saved that college in santa fe. it will only take about $10 million. we did it. >> he was way ahead of his time.

it is a little difficult to do. all was often asked to contain udall. i would call amanda and say, "would you ask sewer to calmed down ?" i have in my family -- i may jim the secretary of energy. i have given this guy many jobs. he is never satisfied. he is a man in the udall tradition -- pushing and pushing. i came in to the udall relationships in a contest with tom. the udall's to me in.

i remember one story when i was a young congressman and skinny. the story was this, the udall's loved the native americans. they were their champion. the navajo and pueblo. it was the navajo, hope the agreement. the big boys, the interior committee would not allow me in. but little bit of the conflict was my destiny. they would not let me in. i said, "i am going to get noticed your." i offered an amendment that said we are going to free the moratorium on the navajo-hopi

people. the novel who cheered me. the leadership did not like me. the champion of the navajo was against me. everybody was against it. for a while, i said i would back off. the navajo people wanted it because there were some unsettled claims. stewart udall said, "bill, you have fun with this." i had the people behind me. we ended up with an agreement. now i have 30 seconds to say this, bill -- there was a conference recently at the

interior department called the great outdoors. i commend president obama and secretary salazar for putting it together. every organization was there. we were all talking collaboration. we're talking partnership. by the way, i am sick of that word partnership. i thought, what would stewart udall say? i did a speech which was later referred to by someone who said, "everyone spoke of blandly until this guy richardson spoke like a hyena." i said we need more wilderness, we need more national parks, we need more scenic rivers. we have to protect our mustangs.

you know who i was thinking of? i was thinking of what stewart udall would say. for months i had asked for a building named after stewart udall. i was told that we would get some of native american history and name -- i said i want a building. we finally found a building in the department of cultural affairs. it looked the ultimate accomplishment. the building is going to be named -- it is a building that

will cover the americas. that building is going to be named after that big man with the big hands and the big voice. [applause] >> one of our technicians tells me that we will take 15 second break.

. .

they have been sharing things that their father told them and impacts that he had on their lives. just a couple of days ago, when i was flying out, i was reading one of those letters and it captured everything for me. i am going to leave the letter unnamed, but i'm want to read you this letter and it is that's the advice and his impact. this is a young man who had returned from a mission.

his marriage was falling apart and he saw his life evaporate in front of him. my father climbed up on a nearby sandstone duke to watch the sunset. he said that your father gave him the advice. there are too great piece of life, indecision and regret. try to live in such a way that they steal as little as possible from you. no. two, i have a grudge stuffed full of every kind of award an honor. i have won elections and served at the side of two presidents. it is all very nice and has made for interesting life.

when you are my age, the thing that will mean more than all of that combined is the answer to one simple question. what does the circle of family and friends that the best thing about you? >> -- that do you best think about you? -- and that you best think about you? the most humbling moments in life come when you privately and honestly compare the two. that was the kind of impact that our father had on people. your own to hear a lot more of it today. my brother dennis, who will now come share these master of ceremonies responsibilities.

[applause] thank you, i would like to introduce our next speaker. it she and her husband met my father in 1964 when he very first team to washington dc. she had a strong relationship. she is a comanche activist, the president for indian opportunities. they work together many times.

>> as dennis mentioned, when we first went to washington, lost it it was a wonderful thing to have them close by. he helped me found -- helped me find a house and our friendship and their children were the same age. i would come up and it was a very great relationship. many times, he had the

opportunity to take this a korea down to washington mansion -- the sequoia down to washington's mansion. it was offered to different secretaries of the department, but when his turn came, we knew we would get an invitation. we would meet all kinds of people in different categories of life. just to think that this man has probably made the national parks, live. it is vivid in my mind of him taking ladybird johnson down the rapids. he made it a real live entity that we could be proud of.

we always knew that those places had medicine. they were very important to us. he made it alive for all of us. when my daughter saw this story of the national parks, it made her heart feel so good because she remembered that stewart udall had something to do with this and made it a living part of who e were. there is no way to share with you his relationship with native americans. the whole family had this theory close relationship. we think of them as our relatives. we think of them -- i want to tell you that these last few years, serving with him on the

board, where he shared -- where he was the chairman, but we did some wonderful things together. we traveled to spain with him. he was such a remarkable man because he was both a friend. he was a thinker. he thought about the opportunities in front of us today. in remembrance of him, and all of you being here, i say thank you and enjoy the day. [applause] >> thanks, la donna.

my father was a passion supportive of the americans. he believed that tribes should always be given the resources. one of my father's proudest moments of all was one of the first native american commissioners which is the highest federal position. as many of you know, my father had five brothers and sisters and we were so blessed to have them with us today. [applause]

i know i can speak for all the grandchildren when i say the will of these folks and dearly and will carry their wisdom and their love with us forever. we will hear from one of them now. please give a warm welcome. [applause] there are six of us, and i am the sixth. my two sisters decided to pass, so you are stuck with me today. i wanted to talk a little bit about my brother. i want you to know that where we were raised and what we did. my brother was the worst former

than i ever dealt with. he said in the 30's when the depression came that it did not come to st. john's, because we were already depressed. we did not have trackers -- tractors, we dealt with horses. the day on the form started with hooking up his team a first because he knew that in 10 minutes, they would be back. he would be at afield doing something. -- he would be out in the field doing something some people thought that he was a dreamer. when he was young, he was the same way. he did something that drove me in saying. every day, he would go through a

dictionary and find a word that he did not know and he would use it all day long. [laughter] [applause] this is audacious. that rabbet is audacious. the do you see that snake? is audacious. shut up. he was the first and he was not the last. my father used to say to all of the boys on the farm that irrigation is a science. we said, the hell is, it is hard work. and one of the things that i think we would talk about today is what stewart did before he became a politician. he was a lawyer.

he was a good lawyer. he tried cases. he handled the clients. he was involved in tucson, ariz. with emigration before integration was ever thought of. he was a good lawyer. it is hand written by him to me and it says to save it because it is good work. i give that to any lawyer that i know. this is for to take a minute and a half, but i will get it. probably the most important thing he was proud of was his children. he raised six great children i

have been married to the same woman for 55 years. they were married probably more than that. the person that gets credit is the wife. she spends more good time with the kids than the man does. i figured that with my kids, 10%-15% i would take it -- i would take credit for. we were the guests of the governor.

we went to a fancy restaurant. it was just the three of us. i said that this was a nice table. my wife corrected me and said that that one was better. he looked at me and he said this. you are the head of the household. the man is always the head of the household. the thing that people forget is the woman is the neck. [laughter] the neck turns the head. [laughter] most of the time, the neck turns the head so slowly that the head does not know is being turned --

note is being turned. then, he looked at my wife and said that in your case, that does not seem to apply. >> , one of the things is -- one of the things among the children is a biburr's stories. >> a he alone with other folks -- they travel to historically black colleges to recruit students in to the national parks service.

26 years later, bob became the first african-american to serve as director of the national parks service. join me in welcoming him. [applause] >> good morning. to the stewart udall family, a special salute to the young people but honor us with their presence here this morning. join me in saluting the young people. [applause] i hasten to bring you greetings on behalf of kim salazar, the secretary of the interior and all of the men of the department of the interior extending from the south pacific to maine, to alaska cto the virgin islands. the legacy of stewart udall is

not easy to do. within four minutes, within a week, within a month or year. i think that we all recognize that we want to honor his will and testament. as governor richardson has mentioned, and a couple of other speakers, stewart udall was, and in a real sense, is one of the most revered and respected leaders in the noble field of conservation. [applause] he is without equal and has been able to forge non-partisan support of major legislation enacted in the 60's with the

historic preservation act, the national trails act, and the wilderness act. those legislations will endure his legacy. [applause] but stewart udall was a confidante. he was a supporter of president kennedy, president johnson and certainly, our first lady of that era, ladybird johnson. through their efforts, they were able to energize a public awareness about the down see -- about the bountiful duty of this country. beauty in nature is where you

find it and that is a part of environmental quality. stewart udall knew that and we are all blessed to have had a set for terry udall -- had stewart udall and labor johnson. we were extremely honored to host stewart to go in a visit to the lyndon baines johnson national historical park in my state of texas. we premiere a film on ladybird johnson during that visit. he is prominently featured in that museum, but what was so beautiful about that visit was to observe the secretary and ladybird johnson having a conversation and reflecting on their many challenges and maybe

some of the disappointments, it is those kinds of french ships that we need to help this nation to carry on the legacy of stewart udall. there is so much that i can say about his accomplishments, but allow me to speak about my secretary, stewart udall. i probably have hanging in my study hall a letter dated april 4, 1962, signed by none other than the secretary of the interior confirming my appointment as a seasonal rangers in grand teton national park. one has to remember that that was before the enactment of the civil rights act of 1964, where in my state of texas, i could

not enter the front door were my mother was a short order cook in a cafe, but he followed the potential of those students that they could go into national treasures. i am sure that i no interior as much as bruce babbitt. he said he would change the complexion of the work force of this agency to represent more of america than we have in the past. i am sure, my friend, that there was a monthly in the hallways. your boy to do what? he said, yes, there would be black faces to greet the visitors as they enter these national treasures.

that was the beginning of a rich career. [applause] let me conclude, as i think about my secretary, i think about a document that has served this nation and continues to serve this nation well that became effective march 4, 1789. it has been amended because it is not perfect document, but it has been amended 26 times, trying to get it right, that which was described as we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union. that is what stewart udall understood. he also understood the intent in the spirit of the 14th amendment, equal protection under the law.

he could not wait until congress enacted the civil rights act. he said he was the secretary of the interior and he believed in the constitution and he believed in equal rights for all people and he moved ahead. ladies and gentleman, that is leadership. that is leadership. [applause] and lastly, it can be said that he cared for the work force in the welfare of all citizens. he cared for the quality of the environment for all citizens. he cared for all citizens having access to the enjoyment and use of their public land. he cared that we expected -- that we respected each other.

perhaps he embraced the sentiment of one of my favorite forms that concludes, "all things great and small." he recognized the importance of one of this nation's greatest daughters. this is something that i know that stuart mill embraced. she said that we have a responsibility to our young people and must encourage them never to lose their zeal for building a better world. continue to encourage young people. lastly, i would salute each of you and salute the legacy of

stewart udall in the words of his boss who was 43 been elected to office and appointed a 41- year-old secretary of the interior, store it all. this-store you know -- stewart udall. he said we would be remembered not for our victories or defeats, in battles or in politics, but rather for our contributions to the human spirit. the most enduring contribution of stewart udall would be his humanity. he has lifted our spirits and not only for this occasion, but for the future. and for his legacy, it will endure.

[applause] bob, thank you very much. you can see how my father had a passion for equal opportunity, for justice and for civil rights. people often ask me, they ask where he got it, his family. his father swept away years of discrimination when he ruled as the arizona chief justice that native americans had the right to vote. he did that in 1947. [applause]

seven years before brown vs. board of education. his mother, louise, was a compassionate force for fair play. as a university student, stewart and his brother asked another young student named morton maxwell to accompany them into a student union he area for lunch. the launch area was segregated. morgan was a black student who was prohibited from eating with white students at the university. the three of them broke the rules. the university had to decide if you follow the rules and discipline them or do you change the policy? the lunch room was segregated -- was desegregated from then on.

morgan maxwell, i want to acknowledge him, he has joined us here today and has traveled from tucson arizona to be with us and to our my father. he was down when they named the foundation from the morris k. eck udall building. morgan's two sons are new mexicans. they live here in new mexico. morgan, please rise. you get so much thanks from the udall family. thank you for being here with us. thank you for your friendship. [applause] as secretary of interior, dad took on the racist owner george

preston marshall of the washington redskins. in 1962, the redskins for the last all white team. dad was the landlord for the stadium and told marshall that he had two choices. he could integrate the team or he could go find another stadium to play anin. george marshall went ballistic. he went to the president, over my dad's head. the kennedys back that up. the redskins got bobby mitchell and dad was given credit for creating a winning team. [laughter] [applause] now, i told to about this amphitheater. it sits on the santa fe indian

school campus and the pueblo governors run in the santa fe indian school. they are our host today. some of them are with us. i would ask them to rise as i read their names. we have also been joined by the president of the mescalero apache tribe. please give them a round of applause. [applause] these governors have done so much. they have done so much to improve the lives of indian kids and we all know that education is the key. we all know that education is the key. thank you governors for running

a good school. the next speaker is gail turley houston. she is one of my father's favorite nieces. my father admired her strong will and outspoken ways. gail, please come forward and do your thing. >>[applause] >> i want to thank everyone for the great honor of being on the program for one of the great heroes of our time. my uncle stewart, who was also a kind of fatherly mentor to me. when i think about stuart, i think about him talking about

being a boy and listening to the radio at night in a small isolated northern arizona town and he marveled at a hearing stations beaning out from far off places that he had never been to in california, kansas, albuquerque and beyond. he talked of feeling a deep nostalgia for something that he could not quite grasp. this remembrance has always wrestled with me. the young stewart had two run the full directions to choose from. stay in st. john's, which a given him his outstanding heritage and where he could make a good life because he knew everyone and everyone knew him, or go out into the larger world and make his way there not knowing where it would leave him.

uncle stewart chose the latter and we all know where it led him. we know what a difference he made to the whole world. because of his choice, i, as a niese, have always looked to him as a model of integrity, activism and idealism from a time that i was the same page as he was, listening to that radio and beaming out into the night. this is one of his favorite points. the road not taken, by robert frost. two roads diverged in the narrow would and i'm sorry i could not travel both and be one traveler long i stood and looked down one as far as i could to where it didn't at the end. but then took the other has just

as fair and having perhaps the better claim because it was cressy and wanted where. the passing had warned them relief about the same. both that morning he will lay, in leaves and a step had trodden, i kept the one for the other day. yet knowing how i doubted if i should ever come back. i shall be telling this with a sigh, somewhere ages and ages hence, two roads diverged in the wood and i took the one less traveled and that has met all the difference.

-- made all the difference. [applause] >> thank you, gail. you can see why she is such a wonderful teacher and what a treasure her at the university of new mexico. our next speaker is herbert brown. when my further -- when my father left the cabinet in 1969, he had an idea and a dream and his dream was to set up a consulting firm that would consult with cities and states and any entity that wanted. it was to focus all of the elements of an arm of the planning and looking at things. herbert george and dad in 1970 and worked with him -- heard joined dad in 1970 and worked with him.

they became lifelong friends as a result of that three years. i heard my father, many times, introduce him as his protege. herbert brown, come on down. [applause] >> i know your the enforcer. i just added a little introduction. four minutes is going to be exceeded by a moment. one hears about stewart being the person who changed the lives of so many people and it becomes an abstraction. people out in another place, but i stand here as one of those.

stewart changed my life and my family's life and my wife's life and i am a disciple of stuart. in his footsteps were always ahead of me and he knew it because we were together talking all the time in the 1970's and 1980's. if he was not in my office or i in his, we would talk on the telephone, sometimes every day. he represents to me something beyond anything other than those in my immediate family. stewart like to quote the words of people he admired and he usually did it in a casual kind of way. he often did it in a way that stuck in my mind. a phrase that he mentioned quite

a few times, was that something his friend robert frost told him. it was something that i have not heard. he told me that frost said that it was great when a person showed up elsewhere. what frost meant by elsewhere was that the person showed up doing something else come out of the ordinary. something that the -- something else, out of the norm -- somewhere else, at of the ordinary -- out of the ordinary. i knew stewart from the day he left the cabinet, and i want to speak about the story that i know -- the start that i know. -- the stewart udall that i know. i am going to speak purely for

my own perceptions . heart kospi purely from my own perceptions of the man i knew -- i speak purely from my own perceptions of the man i knew. i would like to follow him elsewhere, to places i was lucky to watch him go. i knew him as a poet, playwright, a syndicated columnist, an outdoorsman, a climber, and historian, a visionary, and a complete man. he was a complete man. i recall an evening about 40 years ago when he and i were waiting outside of our offices with about a half dozen other people. they looked miserable from another tough day at the office.

we were chatting, and out of the blue, reflectively,stewart quoted thoreau. he said, "most people live lives of quiet desperation." he then quoted robert frost. "most men live lives of quiet desperation." he said he was lucky because he enjoyed his work. i could feel that every day around him. we would go at lunch sometimes out to the rocks by the potomac river, and you could feel him. he was always reaching for something just a bit beyond his fingertips. and his remarkable quality was that he always got it. he always made it to where he was going.

the path laid out before him was laid out in gold, but he chose a different path. he chose principles over money. he formed a consulting firm to create a new form of environmental thinking. call the total environmental planning. in our small office, which she used to kid was in the shadow of the white house, watching over the nixon administration, the corporate chiefs, the captains of industry would parade into our office offering of bags of money to endorse their projects. he rejected them all. he told them flat out, "my name is not for sale." [applause] he preferred planning.

he was willing to consult. one day a big corporation cayman. they wanted to build a refinery. they walked in, and after a few that, theythis endand point blank offered him thousands of dollars to work for them. he asked what they wanted him to do, and they could not answer. they wanted him to stand beside them at a press conference and endorsed their project. they would line his pockets with money, and that was the justification. he told them know. he said, first, i cannot be part of any project like that without talking to the best minds.

if they tell me it is a good idea, and will do it under one condition. i will have to do a study. and after we do the study, we will have a press conference so the people know what we did. and i have a right at the press conference to say what i learned from the study, and that may be that your facility is no good and should not be there. odyssey, he did not get the money and we did not do the project. -- obviously, he did not get the money and we did not do the project. when he decided to do television ads for sears and roebuck, it was a very dramatic moment. many companies were advertising detergent. it was understood that if he did an endorsement, he would be in

the ad on the television. it took a long time for him to come to terms with that, but he finally decided to do it. but he did it on condition that he would not get paid any money for it. instead, he insisted, and succeeded, in causing the sears and roebuck company to set up scholarship funds for a native american students. [applause] the way the ad went was, a woman was about to leave her husband. then the screen went dark and a voice introduced the secretary of the interior. you saw his face, and he said,

first of all, the money being paid for this is going to establish scholarships for students. i am not getting any. and that is the only way he would do it. he was a fighter. he knew how to mix it up. it did nixon up, and he was a winner. -- he did mix it up, and he was a winner. in my presence, on the telephone, injected himself into hundreds of controversies where he made the difference. he inspired and he lent his name and influence to thousands of people around the country trying to maintain their way of life by saving a prairie, or a beautiful view, or an historic town or building.

i have never met a person more idealistic. he lived those ideals. he installed a wood stoves in his house. he walked and took the subway or bus. one day i saw him studying a map of the potomac river. i asked what he was doing. he replied that he was trying to figure out a way to get to work by taking a canoe so that he did not have to pollute the air. he wrote booksswith creative new perspectives, like opening our minds to the rich history of the united states that began in the southwest before the mayflower. he had a vision for the future. he was disgraced by the government in different to nuclear cover-ups. he was a man of reasonableness,

boldness, dignity, elegance, toughness, tenacity, culture, integrity, decency. he was a timeless man. he was a man who exhibited qualities that would have made him a hero in any age, in any era. not a lot of people know this, but the easternmost spot in the united states is in the virgin islands. that spot is named for stewart. it is, appropriately, the first place the sun shines every day. there is an ancient text that tells us that for enriching life, get a teacher and find a friend. i was blessed to find stewart udall as my teacher, and to

cherish him as my dear friend. [applause] >> hello. i am lori udall. and need my brother's here. -- i need my brothers here. theh and johnn whalers.

>> we actually rewrote the words to this song to match our dad's life. if you know the melody, you can hum along. when dad died, we were awed by the outpouring of love and affection, and by the number of people who said, he was a friend of mine. >> to stewart udall, friendship was all. i want to a knowledge -- acknowledge a hero who is here, udall.t

stewart udall'sstua great heroes, for living a life of quiet courage, and for standing up and saying no to a bad war. [applause] ♪ >> mmm... was a friend of mine. ♪ he was a friend of mine. ♪ so many will miss him and all the dreams he leftt+ behind.

he was a friend of mine. ♪ he came out of the air. he came out of the air. ♪ he went back to the mother when spring was in its birth. he was a friend of mine. ♪

he fought for me and you. he fought for me and you. he fought for the rivers, the forests, and mountains too. he was a friend of mine. >> take it away. ♪

♪ >> to give him a hand. [applause] he always loved the land. he always loved the land. nowdid all the che could,

believes that in our hands. -- now he leaves it in our hands. he was a friend of mine. ♪ i stole away and cried. i stole away and cried. so many teardrops, the night my daddy died. he was a friend of mine.

he was a friend of mine. ♪ he was a friend of mine. whenever i hear his name, i just can keep from crying -- i just cannot keep from crying. he was a friend of mine. ♪ he was a friend of mine. he was a friend of mine.

[applause] >> >> that is the musical and artistic side of the family. at the family reunions, that is the predominant sign. at the family reunions, i see them pointing at me and mark udall and i sometimes ask what they are saying. they say that you guys got the defective public-service gene. it is a wonderful thing to hear them and to listen to them. they stop you and make you listen.

dad saying that lbj had. he said that if you are flapping your gums, you are not learning anything. listening to them is just wonderful. we are moving up one of our speakers because she has an engagement and i really want her to speak, so we will go a little bit out of order. speakers, because she has a previous engagement. many of you know her. let me set the stage. there was a marvelous history of the native americans that dad wrote about in his book.

our next speaker and my father shared that interest and commitment to this history, and to teaching it to everyone they could. she was a founder of the regional publication about this. she has been recognized for her efforts to preserve spanish history and culture. her family has been in santa fe since the 17th century. she has those deep roots i am talking about. please welcome her. [applause] . .

he said that she love the magazine and would like to meet you. a few days later, i went to his office and to be honest, i did not know who stewart udall was and i was in the first grade when he served in the kennedy cabinet. as soon as i got there, and we immediately hit it off. he told me about being indebted to his followers.

many of the names, you will find in the phone book and works his classmates growing up and say john's. he told me about the book he published a few years earlier. . . he told me about when jacqueline onassis came out to sea in northern new mexico. she was the editor of that book. he to crawl around northern new mexico to all the places that he mentions in the book so that she would better understand the book when she edited it. then he asked me how much i was charging for subscriptions he said that he wanted to subscribe to my magazine. he became the first subscriber

and it was a subscription that he maintained for the rest of his life. last year, i called up stuart because i was putting together the commemorative issue. you can see that that was one of his last public works and it contains incredible historic informations from native american writers. please pick it up if you do not have a copy. when i called him and asked him, he says -- a asked if i could send him a copy of where we were going to do so he could approve it. he said to me that i did not have to send him back a copy, that he trusted me implicitly and he loved me.

that was the last thing that stewart udall ever said to me. he was a giant on the world stage. he was an important part of our community and best of all, he was one of us. thank you. environmental it was fund, paul harrison. and we will chat with peter decoursey of capitalwire.com. that is tomorrow morning on "washington journal" here on c-span. >> sunday on news makers, energy committee chairman,

senator jeff bingaman on how the new energy and climate bill addresses the gulf of mexico oil spill and greenhouse gas emissions. that is 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> c-span is now available in over 100 million homes, bringing you washington, your way. a public service created by america's cable companies. >> now a discussion on the june unemployment numbers on the economy. this is about 45 minutes. "washington journal" continues. host: at the table now emily kaiser, economics correspondent for reuters, lots of folks looking for bright spots in the economy. a couple of headlines out there this morning that aren't too bright. "the wall street journal," u.s. job picture darkens, payrolls are shringing, camera moves to the right, derth of jobs

threatens recovery, that's "the washington post." explain what's happening right now? guest: we have a situation where the private sector is creating jobs, but not at a fast enough 35eus to meet up with the proper police station growth. private companies don't have the confidence to hire a lot of people. there's a couple of reasons. the biggest one is probably they don't know if demand is going to be there. if i don't know if i'm going to have business, i'm not going to hire. host: what does it mean? guest: the economy is still recovering, growing, but not the pace it did at the 2009 or even the beginning of 2010. i don't see anything we're headed for a double dip but we're not going to grow at the pace of the fourth quarter of 2009 for example. host: what would show a double dip recession? guest: the fact would that we came out of a recession it makes it hard tiering back in. you need a lot of companies saying i don't need this much

employees or this much inventory. they've already done that. we would need some other kind of shock, a deteriorating situation in europe over their debt problems, a sharper slowdown in china, something else going on here that would tell companies this is worse than i thought, i need to take traffic action here. host: emily kieser is economic corporate for reuters. she'll take your calls in a couple of minutes. the phone number is on the bottom of the screen. unemployment rate at 9.5% at this point. what can you tell us about these numbers and how they work, folks who have stopped looking for employment. how does this get fact toward into this number? guest: you brought up why the rate came down this past month. we had hundreds of thousands of people who literally stopped looking for work. so the way the labor department calculates the numbers you have to be actively looking for a job in order to be counted in the unemployment rate. if you give up looking, you're no longer counted.

if yoo have fewer people looking the job force shrippings and the unemployment rate goes down. it doesn't mean the economy is getting better. it's a misleading number at this point. host: president obama came out yesterday to talk for a couple of minutes about these employment figures. here's a short piece from that. >> it reflected the planned phaseout of 225,000 temporary census jobs, but it also showed the six straight months of job growth in the private sector. all told, our economy has created nearly 600,000 private sector jobs this year. as we saw a turnaround from the first six months from last year when we lost 3.7 million jobs at the height of the recession. host: president putting his own positive 13i7b on the numbers. what else can you tell us? guest: there are a couple of things in this report that are worth mentioning and the president didn't bring it up in that clip. when the may numbers came out a

month ago, there was shock and awe on wall street, the market went down and a lot of concern things looked really bad but in fact underneath that headline number things didn't look so bad. two things going on that we look for. one is that people were working more hours in a given week and the other they were getting paid more for those hours. in this june report both those numbers went down and that's a worrisome sign for things going forward because it's telling you companies don't need as much labor and if they don't need as much labor they're not hiring more workers. host: how much can presidents really do about this? guest: that's the problem the white house is having, it faces 24 tough choice between do i put more money into the economy to encourage hiring or worry about the fact people are starting to get concerned about the deficit? when we talk about the deficit, we're still seeing in financial markets that the world is willing to lend money to the u.s. at an extraordinarily cheap rate. the yield on 10-year notes to the government is now below 3% and that's a remarkably low level.

so there really isn't any evidence that the world is cutting off the u.s. when it comes to financing. but the u.s. has tried to put money into the economy and it's really not getting traction. we've seen it with housing and cash or clunkers, cash for appliances. it works in the short term but the following month when the deals are off the table demand goes right back down. host: before we get to calls makes me think of congress. where exactly is congress right now on enacting -- on acting on all this? they've left town but what's the current action on the hill? guest: they're looking at extending unemployment benefits. so far they've been disinclined to do that. there are two sides to that story of course. you're talking about people who are out of work and need support. there is also some evidence that suggests that as long as those benefits are there, people who might otherwise have moved on to something else will stay looking for a job and will not maybe take a lower paying job because from the benefits are better %- than what they might get working a minimum wage job. there are differences of opinion on how long we ought to be

extending those jobless benefits. host: lots of calls coming in for emily, kaiser. chico, california. john, democrat. you're up first. caller: thank you for taking my call. i'm an active ttitter person and i've been noticing a lot of anger out here amongst both liberal and conservative regarding the level of war spending that that is never hardly mentioned as far as the deficit neutrality issues and all that, people seem to ignore the fact there is a huge hidden tax from the war that's taking money out of our economy. i'm wondering why isn't that discussed more that the cost of the war is really a drag on our economy and really i don't see what it's really accomplishing. so a lot of us democrats are actually angry with our president about it, we think he's on the wrong track. what would your opinion be about that? guest: on the deficit you bring up a good point. for all this discussion about how much we should be

stimulating the economy to get it growing, those aren't the longest term drags. you mentioned the war, it's been going on for a few years but the biggest drags are struccural, medicare and social security. those have nothing to do about with the debate about whether we should stimulate the company comme more or spend more. those affect the long run course of the u.s. economy. host: what's being done about those two? guest: so far not a whole lot. we have a commission looking at these longer term and there has been some discussion about raising the retirement age for social security. but again, this commission that was put together is advisory. it doesn't have any power to set legislation. host: when will they report? guest: we have a long time. they're still in the talking phase and we have to see after the election what sort of mood congress is in. the feeling in the global community is that the u.s. doesn't really need to cut back right now but longer term needs to show that it has at least a plan for addressing these problems that we've known about for decades. host: so is the debate over the

retirement age, is it real? c50 it happen? guest: it seems like it c50. it's been discussed many, many years. it seems to economists as a it's not something that's going to slow down growth right away which is a concern. but it is something that can affect the long-term trajectory of u.s. finances. we know that needs to be happen. host: let's hear from linda, rome, georgia, independent. caller: i wanted to ask ms. kaiser on the unemployment it's posted it's 9.5% but are the people that have drawn out, they are not counted. is this correct? guest: you're absolutely correct. there is another measure the labor department puts out and a lot of journalists and commirses, they call it the u-6. we call it a measure that includes exactly what you mentioned, people who dropped out of the labor force. it also includes people who accepted a part-time job when they'd like to be working full-time and anybody who is

underemployed. that number went down but it's 16.5% which is an extraordinary number of people who are not working to their full ability. host: linda, what do you think? caller: then what we're getting is an an imaginary figure when it's told to the american public that it's 9.5%. guest: you're absolutely right it understates the full nature of unemployment. host: when will the higher figure and the reports you're looking at make it into the headlines as opposed to this 9.5 figure? guest: the focus has been on on 9.5, that's considered the core of the work force that's a clear indication whether the economy is getting better or worse. i'm seeing that higher number that u-6 get more traction in this recession. host: steve in tomahawk, wisconsin. you're a republican. what do you say? caller: good morning. ms. kaiser, why don't you believe that we're going to have a double dip unemployment starting possibly next year when

the bush tax cuts expire and also when all the higher taxes start to hit from the health insurance bill? i'll listen to your comment. host: thank you. guest: you bring up the point of the fiscal cliff as we call it. this is a valid point. we are looking at a situation next year where the stimulus is starting to wear off, some of the bush tax cuts are expiring, i'm pretty sure the obama administration will keep many of them, those making less than $250,000 would get their tax cuts. the economists i talk to are less concerned about the expiration of the tax cuts. they are concerned longer term what with what they call the handover when the government pulls back on its support, is the private sector going to be strong enough to carry the baton? what we've seen the last couple of months is worrisome, every time a government spending program has expired, private demand has not picked back up. the recent example was in housing when that tax credit for first-time and existing homebuyers expired april 30.

we saw a 30% drop in may home sales. so clearly that pulled demand forward from later months and there is not demand behind it to take up that slack. host: you mentioned home sales, there is an extension of the homebuyer tax credit. where is that in congress? guest: that looks like i believe that was signed yesterday by obama. what that does is give you a little bit extra time to close the deal. it doesn't mean that new deals can get done and qualify for that credit. so in terms of spurring more demand for housing, i don't see it having much of an effect. my understanding, it was designed for those who made a deal but couldn't close it fast enough to qualify for that credit. they're giving them an extra 90 days to get those deals closed. host: a twitter question, ask your guest to comment on bailouts. aren't they a drain on the economy? guest: there's a couple of ways to look at it. we don't know what would have happened without them. clearly there is money going into bailing out companies, bailing out businesses that can't survive but at the same %

time, it's hard to prove the alternative, what would have happened had we not bailed out general motors or any of the banks? we don't know how bad the hit to the economy would have been. you can argue there's a drain on the front but on the back would would it have been? host: plymouth, massachusetts, anthony. democratic caller. hi there. go ahead. caller: i'd like to ask ms. kaiser what the economists have -- why is she still talking? i don't hear you at all. .

caller: how did the unemployment figure stay at 8.3? guest: we had a point where unemployment came down, a recession hit, nploilt went up. so after the resession, we had a rise in unemployment.

it came down helped by the housing boon. it employed a lot of construction workers and everything else that goes along with that. the unemployment rate went down and then spiked up. there was a point at which was in the four's, but it wasn't in the four's every month he was in office. host: let's here from importantsmouth, virginia. caller: are they counting the people that have been dropped off the rolls of unemployment because their benefits have ended? host: we touched on that already. guest: that's the question i was asking myself yesterday. there is economic research that suggests what you are saying is precisely what's been happening. that people may have stayed in the work force and accepted

unemployment benefits because it gave them more resources than they might have will working a low-paying job and having had to pay for child care and transport and all the other things that go with that. host: back to the idea of a double-dip recession. what would that look like? guest: that would tell businesses they need to sfop spending -- stop spending. we need a cutback like that to say the economy is no longer growing. well the economy is growing, and we done have the numbers yet. it looks like we will have growth similar to what we saw in the first quarter. what is worrisome is april looked ok, may looked questionable, and june does not look good at all. what that says is we're going into the second half of the year without a lot of strength. in order to get a double-dip, again, we would need some kind of signal to businesses and

consumers that this is worse than what we know about right now. host: a lot of worry in this conversation, but are there bright spots out there? >> there are bright spots. one of the things i noticed is that in the services ssctor, and that's a broad category which includes anything from barbers to restaurant owners, there were more than 90,000 jobs added in that sector. so we did see a little of a pick-up there. that to me was one reason to be optimistic. host: let's here from dover on our republican line. caller: i have a question on the economy. is there a reason why the

government hasn't had a mass production of ethanol or something like that to help boost the economy? i think that would be an excellent bill on that. guest: i have not heard anything about use the ethanol. we did have a time when food was up high and there was concern that our food of ethanol was leading to starvation in africa. that's a tough choice for a government to make. you're right, any new technology that requires manpower is going to increase employment. i have not heard any talk in washington about ethanol being that product.

host: here's a question, what are the plans for adding jobs villa new transportation, new grid, new energy jobs to help with the unemployment problem? guest: the question is, do we have enough jobs and do we have enough people to fill -- people with the skills to fill those jobs. so far i have not seen enough to fill the 15 million people out of work. that's a lot of people. host: how about the oil spill, is that affecting the national data? guest: we have not seen that yet. every week we get a state-by-state breakdown, so we're watching carefully to see if we are seeing spikes in mississippi, louisiana, alabama. we haven't seen that. job losses in the last week were california, places not associated with the spill. we are watching to see if we will see a spike in unemployment

in those states. host: our guest is emily kaiser, also studied american history at cairo and london. she is an economic correspondent for reuters talking about the unemployment rate. there are a lot of telling numbers. orange county, california, you're up now. it is marrianne, independent. caller: i'm appalled this president is considering amnesty. most people i know feel the same way. further more, you were talking about social security. i think there has to be some stort -- sort of a law that has a mim time period. in orange county i see a lot of ads that run about bringing new people into the social security system. there is no minimum time period

people have to pay in, like say 10 years, of minute consistent work before they take from the system. i was amazed people could get right in the system and draw from it. it is wrong. host: any thoughts? guest: i actually look at immigration and social security in a different way. that is when you have an aging population, the first of the baby boomers hitting 65 next year, you need younger workers in the system in order to pay into the system. you mention those that may be older and drawing quickly. in fact, the average immigrant tends to be younger. we will need younger workers to pay for older retirees. this is affecting many countries. japan has an aging population and doesn't allow much immigration and they have had an issue about what they are going to do to have a labor force to support their retirees. host: from the weekly address on

the republican side, here's a piece from saxby-chandler. >> one of the most dangerous sides -- threats doesn't come from without but within. wisely thomas jefferson warned of this danger early on. he once said, "there does not exist an engine so corruptive of the government and so demoralizing of the nation as public debt. it will bring us more ruin at home than all the enemies from abroad against whom this army and naferi -- navy are to protect us." host: staying with that theme, big debt. guest: in the short run, it is clear, when deficits hit, it will be difficult. you have more people on the

system. these are short-run things. they don't last. when looking at a deaf -- deficit, really anything we do, the unemployment benefits are going to come down. that's going to help. the structural problems with the deficit like we mentioned before, social security, medicare, and you can also include what's going to happen with fan fan -- fanny mae and freddie mac, those are the importaat things that have to be addressed in the coming years. >> earnings and hours ticked downward last month and the stakes grow larger, it says in "the new york times." " incumbents feel particularly

precarious and make economic decisions are financial reform, unemployment benefits, and aid to states still sit on their desks." guest: this is the short-term question, which will do more harm to the economy -- doing more or doing less? we had this same group -- same discussion at last week's group in toronto. some countries were cupping in saying, if you pull back now, the economy weakens, and if the economy weakens, you have fewer people paying taxes. the european opinion was if you want to show confidence, you need to show commitment to deficit reduction. host: "resession still a looming menace. government must not assume

recovery is here." barbara, democrat, good morning. caller: what i would like to ask miss ayeser -- kaiser, do you really think if it was any other person elected president they could do better than obama? do you think the republicans can do better? let's get down to it. he's doing the best that he can. he's got a lot of problems. i'd like to hear your answer. host: i think you bring up a valid point. here's the situation, the white house can offer incentives, congress can offer incentives, but when it comes down to it, individuals are making the decisions about what they are going to do with their money. am i going to buy something? am i going to open a factory? policies can create the environment where those decisions will go one way or the other, but nobody is going to force people to make that

decision if they don't want to do it. host: from atlanta, bill. caller: i know this is the last year that when bad economic news is reported in the media, especially the press media, it seems to be preceded by the phrase "in a big surprise." for instance, "in a big surprise, the jobless rate skyrocketed." why is there always a big spry? secondly, do you think what president obama said the other day and other economists, and all economists agree, that he had saved jobs by his china debt bill? thank you very much. guest: i think that first question is a big one. i'll show you how these indicators sort of play out in the news media. we poll 70 or 08 economists around the world for their guesses on what the coming week's or month's numbers are

going to look like. so when the actual number comes in, we compare it to the consensus. if it is higher than the consensus, it is better than expected, or vice versia -- vice-versa, depending on the numbers. there will be plenty of times that the consensus gets it wrong. in the last 20 years, the consensus gets it wrong a lot. which raises the question, are we looking at it wrong? it is a good question. the second question, does the stimulus create jobs, i think that is the case. i think government spending helped the recession from being deeper than it was. again, it is always difficult to prove what would have happened if you had done nothing. >> "new york times" headlines says that china raises its estimate of economic growth to 1.9%. a pretty significant number. what's the connection between what happens over there and what happens here. >> if we learned nothing in the last few years, the biggest

thing we learned is that every economy is linked right now and what happens everywhere affects the world. the perfect example is that we never would have thought a mortgage going in effect in nevada would hurt to a bank in germany that wouldn't lend to a factory that was going to be built in china. it is one of the big reasons that the global economy is holding up as well as it is. bun of the reasons -- one of the reasons people are upset in the last week or so is that china's inflation seems to be cooling. beijing would tell you, that's not too bad. now, a cooling china may not be what the global economy wants right now. host: what are your take-aways from the g8 and g20 last week?

guest: what we're seeing is a group that came together with a united problem, a synchronized recession, and a solution that was common across the board. what we're seeing now is economies behaving differently and the response from governments being different. that's upsetting investors who are saying, we're not on the same page anymore. will we adopt policies that may help at home and hurt abroad? and that's not good for the global economy. >> massachusetts, jim, you are on with emily kaiser of reuters. go ahead. caller: i have a suggestion that might help our economy. we have present rily -- presently military in 173 countries around the world. they have closed a lot of bases in the united states us -- united states. what if we reduce the number of military bases other than

securing our embassies, and bring our militaries home? bring the -- bring our people home. we have an air force that is the largest in the world. we can deploy our troops anywhere in the world in a matter of hours. immediate support for these bases would stimulate our local economies, and as we know, there are a great deal of people required to maintain a base and to provide services for a base. this would help immediately. host: defense spending, restructuring? guest: not an idea i have heard discussed before. it is not an idea i've heard discussed actively in this administration. host: the president announced his plan to bring new industries

to the u.s. he's awarding billions to new solar plants plants that he says will create thousands of jobs and increase the country's use of renewable energy sources. there is also a plan to expand broadband? what do these announcements mean ? plug them into the equation. guest: we need millions of jobs. we lost about eight million jobs during the resession. the total work force looking for work is about 15 million. if we are adding 200,000 a month, we are falling short. you are looking at three to four years just to replace the jobs we lost during the recession, and that doesn't account for new people joining the labor force. knees are all great. we're still looking at years of high unemployment.

host: "weak jobs data." what is the story there? >> wall street is realizing perhaps what they forecast six weeks ago is not coming true. i think after the fourth quarter, the end of the year is really strong. peel are -- people are talking about a v-shaped recovery with a sharp down and a sharp up. they are realizing that the sharp up isn't happening. the market is starting to price in a worst-case scenario. they are projecting the possibility of a double-dip. it is remote, but they are starting to think of that. host: good morning. caller: i would do three things. first, start putting money into entrepreneurships. there are too many regulations

for anyone to start a business nowadays. it is too hard to start a business. i would put money into the bureau of entrepreneurship or something like that. the second thing i would do is a tax holiday. we got a $600 million stimulus last fime, and everyone said it didn't help. well, it helped me. i think they should double it or triple it. a tax holiday. and the third thing is the drug test kits. it's a gam scam. i worked for 30 years and had no problem. now i can't get a job because everyone wants to test my urine. thank you. host: go ahead. guest: the obama administration has been talking about small business lending. the issue we're having there, though, is is -- is the confidence to open a business.

when we look at small business surveys, it is not, am i going to get a loan? it is, i don't know if i'm going to have business tomorrow. i don't know if i'm going to make any money. host: the "times" has a story out of chicago, "illinois sopsspops paying its bills, but can't stop digging a hole." guest: we're seeing a decline in government spending overall because of this situation. we haven't seen government jobs coming back because state and local governments have to cut. they have rules. they have to balance their budget. which means if the money is not coming in, the money can't go out. something has to fill that gap. host: patty, you are on the republican line. go ahead. caller: thank you for having me.

i'm a contractor. a woman female contractor down here, and i can tell you the economy has impacted us tremendously. we are having trouble getting materials. we're having to wait two to three times longer because our wholesalers are not stocking. the materials we are getting from overseas, which we do have a plant here in florida, but the plant has shut down, and the materials from china are taking longer to get here. it is taking us longer to complete jobs and to get paid. i am also getting five to six phone calls a day, people just looking for work. they are desperate out here. so i would say your idea of a double-dip resession is pretty correct from what i'm seeing after 25 years in business.

>> you bring up a great point about the supplier network. people cut their ininventories as far as they could because they were afraid if this resession gets deeper, i don't want to be stuck with ininventory i can't sell. the problem is, when you get demand coming back, the inventory isn't there. we did see some stocking in the fourth quarter, but perhaps not fast enough meet your business needs. >> how is the auto industry doing? >> there were not great numbers for june. there is concern about that. it is better than it was a year ago, but we are not seeing the level of production and demand there. in the boon days we were looking at an annual rate of 11 million cars being built. we are back to the 11 or 12 range. not as bad as we were but not as good. host: we're reading about 60-

year activity on mortgage rates. guest: you have a glut of homes, and you also have tougher requirements to buy a home. some people that want to buy a home may not be able to qualify. we have very few rules to qualify for a mortgage three or four years ago. some of that needed to come back and be tightened up. right now conditions are very tightened if you don't have a significant amount for a downpayment, if you don't have the credit score, if you don't have the resources, you will not qualify for that mortgage. host: what about the mortgage rates? guest: largely consumers had borrowed extensively to keep up their spending. they might have borrowed off their mortgage equity. so the consumer debt position was dreadful coming into the recession. so there needed to be some pullback there.

we did see it start to build back up. people see see that as a long-term profit. although now we could use that spending. we have started to see people cut their spending more. the savings rate is popping up, but not where it was in the 1970's, for example. host: the 4th of july fireworks being canceled in a lot of towns in the country. they include antioch, california, akron, louisville, kentucky. mayor james davis says he had to cut fireworks in antioch, california. he has had to lay off people

there. it is a sign of the times now. caller: i would like to state, you were talking about the housing market and real estate. as far as people being surprised about the real estate market, in 2004 everyone was reported that the economy was being propped up because of the housing mark. because of that, i sold my house and bought a smaller house. i don't see how anyone could be surprised it was going to go down. manufacturing has been in decline for 30 years. can you tell me where you think this 15 million jobs will be coming from? guest: i wish i had an answer for that. i think that's why people think this recovery is not going to be very strong. we do have a lot of people out of work. we are not creating the types of jobs that match the skill set. it is going to be a long call. i applaud you for having the foresight to downsize in 2005

when a lot of people were up sizing. i think euphoria sets in and everyone thinks, this is great a, i'm going to get rich on housing. that is the stuff that bubbles are made of. host: caller. caller: three things. because of the trade policies of a few corporate democrats and most of the republicans, we lost millions of high-paid jobs overseas and trillions trillions >> and trillions in last revenues. that combined with tax breaks for the rich like the oil companies and huge military spending shows that they haven't cared a bit about the debt. coyote now they suddenly care, and one democrat and all the republicans have been trying to save a buck by blocking a vote on the extension of unemployment benefits for months. that is totally corrupt and immoral. secondly, most economists agree

that two thirds of our economy exists on people spending money and buying things. if we don't help the unemployed, the economy is going to get worse. a lastly, we had a discussion here on our talk radio about roosevelt. after all of his policies, things were a little bit better, but we were still in a big depression. it took the huge spending of world war ii combining with regulations and a pro american trade policy to end it. after seven years of constant wars, decades of deregulating the banks and anti-american trade policies, things aren't getting much better, so war does not necessarily end it. you have to have a trade policy that is pro-american, and they have to regulate the banks because the republicans worked for years to deregulate them.

host: got the points. emily kaiser? guest: on the trade policy, obama has a goal of doubling trade in five years. there are a couple of problems there. we live in a very globalized economy,and we have a lot of countries hoping to export their way back to health. if everybody is trying to export at the same time, you have a problem. i had an economist point out to me mars is not open for business, where are they going to go. host: baton rouge a caller. chris you're on the air. caller: one of the things you mentioned was how long it was going to take to recover from all this. my question is what portion of this unemployment is due to things like us exporting jobs overseas, firstly? and then the second one is just the fact that the industries and the other things that we've

lost, that kind of loss, not the kind of loss of a financial crisis of a year or two ago, and then the next thing, what is the definition of a depression? are we really in a depression and not a recession? host: final thoughts. guest: the deaf situation of a depression is that there is no definition. a recession is when a neighbor loses their job, and a depression is when you lose your job. joking aside, the question is how long it is going to take to recoup these jobs and what happens if we go into another recession before these jobs come back. there is the probability that could happen. the normal business cycle is five to seven years. it is going to take five to seven years to recoup the job losses. when we are not selling 17 million cars a year, we don't need as many auto workers. when we don't sell as many

homes, we don't need as many home builders. host: emily kaiser, thanks for your insight on the job situation. well, on friday, we learned that after 22 straight months of job loss, our economy has now created jobs in the private sector for 6 months in a row. thats a positive sign.

but the truth is, the recession from which were emerging has left us in a hole thats about 8 million jobs deep. and as ive said from the day i took office, its going to take months, even years, to dig our way out -- and its going to require an all-hands-on-deck effort. in the short term, were fighting to speed up this recovery and keep the economy growing by all means possible. that means extending unemployment insurance for workers who lost their job. that means getting small businesses the loans they need to keep their doors open and hire new workers. and that means sending relief to states so they dont have to lay off thousands of teachers and firefighters and police officers. still, at a time when millions of americans feel a deep sense of urgency in their own lives, republican leaders in washington just dont get it. while a majority of senators support taking these steps to help the american people, some are playing the same old washington games and using their power to hold this relief hostage -- a move that only ends up holding back our

recovery. it doesnt make sense. but i promised those folks in wisconsin -- and i promise all of you -- that we wont back down. were going to keep fighting to advance our recovery. and were going to keep competing aggressively to make sure the jobs and industries of the future are taking root right here in america. thats one of the reasons why were accelerating the transition to a clean energy economy and doubling our use of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power -- steps that have the potential to create whole new industries and hundreds of thousands of new jobs in america. in fact, today, im announcing that the department of energy is awarding nearly $2 billion in conditional commitments to two solar companies. the first is abengoa solar, a company that has agreed to build one of the largest solar plants in the world right here in the united states. after years of watching companies build things and create jobs overseas, its good news that weve attracted a company to our shores to build a plant and create jobs right here in america. in the short term, construction

will create approximately 1,600 jobs in arizona. whats more, over 70 percent of the components and products used in construction will be manufactured in the usa, boosting jobs and communities in states up and down the supply chain. once completed, this plant will be the first large-scale solar plant in the u.s. to actually store the energy it generates for later use -- even at night. and it will generate enough clean, renewable energy to power 70,000 homes. the second company is abound solar manufacturing, which will manufacture advanced solar panels at two new plants, creating more than 2,000 construction jobs and 1,500 permanent jobs. a colorado plant is already underway, and an indiana plant will be built in whats now an empty chrysler factory. when fully operational, these plants will produce millions of state-of-the-art solar panels each year. these are just two of the many clean energy investments in the

recovery act. already, ive seen the payoff from these investments. ive seen once-shuttered factories humming with new workers who are building solar panels and wind turbines; rolling up their sleeves to help america win the race for the clean energy economy. so thats some of what were doing. but the truth is, steps like these wont replace all the jobs weve lost overnight. i know folks are struggling. i know this fourth of july weekend finds many americans wishing things were a bit easier right now. i do too. but what this weekend reminds us, more than any other, is that we are a nation that has always risen to the challenges before it. we are a nation that, 234 years ago, declared our independence from one of the greatest empires the world had ever known. we are a nation that mustered a sense of common purpose to overcome depression and fear itself. we are a nation that embraced a call to greatness and saved the world from tyranny. that is who we are -- a nation that turns times of trial into

times of triumph -- and i know america will write our own destiny once more. i wish every american a safe and happy fourth of july. and to all our troops serving in harms way, i want you to know you have the support of a grateful nation and a proud commander-in-chief. thank you, god bless you, and god bless the united states of america. . >>hello, im senator saxby chambliss from georgia. before i begin my remarks, id like to take a moment to acknowledge the passing of a colleague, senator robert byrd. the longest-serving senator ever, he had the greatest respect for the rules and traditions of the senate, and for all three branches of government. he defended them with passion and vigor. i extend my deepest sympathies to senator byrds family. tomorrow is the 4th of july. from the village squares of new england to the palm-fringed beaches of california, and from

the courthouse green in my hometown of moultrie, georgia, to windswept prairie cities and beyond, americans are gathering this weekend to celebrate our nations birthday. amid the red-white-and-blue bunting and family picnics, many of us will listen to. the words of a document, published 234 years ago, that urged americans to throw off the yoke of a king and make their own destiny as an independent nation and a free people. signing the declaration of independence was a daring move by brave, thoughtful men. by embarking on such a bold experiment, they risked life and limb to create a nation based not on ethnicity or religion or geographic boundaries, but one based solely on ideas. the declaration of independence is, quite simply, a textbook of freedom. as the declarations parchment has yellowed with age, america

has become a rich nation whose ideals and economy have been the envy of the world. we have faced down many enemies at home and abroad. but one of the most dangerous threats confronting america today doesnt come from without, but from within. and im talking about our national debt. wisely, the declarations author, thomas jefferson, warned of this danger early on. as he once said, there does not exist an engine so corruptive of the government and so demoralizing of the nation as public debt. it will bring us more ruin at home than all the enemies from abroad against whom this army and navy are to protect us. as usual, jefferson was right. at a time when many americans are clipping coupons and pinching pennies, president obama and the democrats in congress continue to spend

money that they we do not have. three weeks ago, americas national debt topped $13 trillion. and let me say that one more time: $13 trillion is owed by the united states of america today. that number is so big its difficult to comprehend. if you take that $13 trillion and divide it by the number of americans, thats $42,000 for every person in this country. the national debt has risen by $2. 4 trillion in the 500 days since president obama took office. thats an average of nearly $5 billion a day. even though we have to borrow 43 cents of every dollar we spend and the debt is set to double in five years, congress and this white house still continue to splurge. more than half of the $9 trillion in debt america will accrue in the next decade will

be from interest alone. that money could be better used on national defense or returned to taxpayers. instead, future generations will be forced to pay higher taxes to foot the bill for democrats out-of-control spending. and with much of americas debt being held by other nations such as china our national debt is also a national security issue. no less than the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, admiral michael mullen, said last month, i actually believe that the biggest national security threat we have is our national debt. just as with our energy and food supplies, america is vulnerable when we disproportionately rely on other nations. it is a matter of great concern that we are in deep debt to countries that often dont share our values or positions. at some point we have to say enough is enough.

we have to make tough decisions about spending beyond our means. i continue to hope that president obama, speaker pelosi and others will take a step toward responsibility and restraint, and reject the path of reckless spending that america is presently on. ours is a great nation. we can be even greater if we heed jeffersons words and secure americas fiscal future. i wish all americans a happy independence day. as this weekends fireworks simulate the rockets glare, i hope each of us will pause and think of our men and women in uniform who are facing real rockets, bombs and bullets in faraway places. we are grateful for their service. may god bless them, and may god continue to bless our nation. thank you.

>> tomorrow on "washington journal," blake hounshell of " foreign policy forts magazine talks about his latest article, failed states. also a look at proposals for restoring the gulf coast region with paul harrison. and we will chat with peter decoursey on the budget shortfall. that is live at 7:00 a.m. eastern here on c-span. >> sunday on requests news makers," energy committee chairman, senator jeff bingaman, on how the energy and climate bill addresses the oil spill in the gulf coast and green house gas emissions. that is at 10:00 a.m. and 6 p.m. >> sunday, your questions for

syndicated talk show host, bill bennett, sunday. he is the author of more than 20 books for adults and children. join the discussion on history, education and politics. three hours with bill bennett, sunday, part of book tv's three-day holiday weekend. get the schedule on booktv.org. >> c-span is now available in over 100 million homes, bringing washington your way. a public service created by america's cable companies. >> interior secretary ken salazar and michael bromwich, the new director of the ocean's management bureau testimony about regulations and standards for oil and gas drilling. this meeting is along over three hours.